See also album;
compact disc;
long-playing
record; sound recording;
record
أما التسلسل التاريخي للأسطوانات والأحجام والمواد المستخدمة وسرعاتها، فهي كما يلي:
(1887) Berliner Disc - [matrix] glass covered with lampblack; traced and lacquered; photoengraved
(1888) Wax Recording Blank - [matrix] zinc disc coated with wax; traced; etched with acid
(1888-1897) Berliner Record - [prerecorded] hardened latex (latex rubber vulcanized with sulfur) also known as vulcanite; easily malformed
(c.1888-1897) Celluloid Disc - [prerecorded] cellulose nitrate; brittle
(1896) [matrix] solid wax disc
(1897-c.1948) Shellac Disc - [prerecorded] clay (Byritis), powdered shellac, lampblack, cotton fibers (originally known as Durinoid); formulations change from brand to brand, and other resins, plasticizers, hardeners, and fillers may be added. 7 inch, 10 inch, 12 inch, 16 inch. 70 rpm, 78 rpm, 30 rpm
(1906) Laminated shellac disc - like the shellac disc but with a core of heavy cardboard
(1930s) Aluminum Disc - [matrix or instantaneous] aluminum. 12 inches or smaller
(1934) "Acetates" or Lacquers or "Direct Cut Discs" - [matrix or instantaneous] cellulose nitrate lacquer on an aluminum, glass, or zinc core; or cellulose acetate on a core. 10 inch, 12 inch, 13 inch, 16 inch (also unusual sizes larger and smaller)
(Early 1940s) Dictation discs - [instantaneous] "plastic" discs under the names Voicewriter, Gray Manufacturing, Audograph
(1948) Long Playing (LP) Disc - [prerecorded] polyvinyl chloride with stabilizers.
10 inch (1948-1960s)
12 inch (1948-present)
33 1/3 rpm (1948 or 1950) 7" Microgroove Disc or "45s" - [prerecorded] polystyrene or polyvinyl chloride with stabilizers. 7 inches. 45 rpm